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--- en:cerebrum [2022/07/06 13:27] – created brahmantra
+++ en:cerebrum [2024/07/04 14:39] () – removed brahmantra
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-====== CEREBRUM ======
-The vertebrate cerebrum (brain) is formed by two cerebral hemispheres that are separated by a groove, the longitudinal fissure. The brain can thus be described as being divided into left and right cerebral hemispheres. Each of these hemispheres has an outer layer of grey matter, the cerebral cortex, that is supported by an inner layer of white matter. In eutherian (placental) mammals, the hemispheres are linked by the corpus callosum, a very large bundle of nerve fibers. Smaller commissures, including the anterior commissure, the posterior commissure and the fornix, also join the hemispheres and these are also present in other vertebrates. These commissures transfer information between the two hemispheres to coordinate localized functions.
-There are three known poles of the cerebral hemispheres: the occipital pole, the frontal pole, and the temporal pole.
-The central sulcus is a prominent fissure which separates the parietal lobe from the frontal lobe and the primary motor cortex from the primary somatosensory cortex.
-**FEATURES**
-//CEREBRAL HEMISPHERE//
-{{:anatomy:brainhalfschema.svg?500}}
-**SURFACES**
-  - superolateral surface
-  - medial surface
-  - inferior surface
-    - orbital surface (anterior)
-    - tentorial surface (posterior)
-//SUPEROLATERAL SURFACE//
-  - The central sulcus is a sulcus, or groove, in the cerebral cortex in the brains of vertebrates. Also called the central fissure, or the fissure of Rolando or the Rolandic fissure, after Luigi Rolando. It is sometimes confused with the longitudinal fissure.The central sulcus is a prominent landmark of the brain, separating the parietal lobe from the frontal lobe and the primary motor cortex from the primary somatosensory cortex.
-  - The lateral sulcus (also called Sylvian fissure or lateral fissure) is one of the most prominent features of the human brain. The lateral sulcus is a deep fissure in each hemisphere that separates the frontal and parietal lobes from the temporal lobe. The insular cortex lies deep within the lateral sulcus.The lateral sulcus has a number of side branches. Two of the most prominent and most regularly found are the ascending (also called vertical) ramus and the horizontal ramus of the lateral fissure, which subdivide the inferior frontal gyrus. The lateral sulcus also contains the transverse temporal gyri, which are part of the primary and below the surface auditory cortex.
-  - The precentral sulcus is a part of the human brain that lies parallel to, and in front of, the central sulcus. (A sulcus is one of the prominent grooves on the surface of the human brain.The precentral sulcus divides the inferior, middle and superior frontal gyri from the precentral gyrus. In most brains, the precentral sulcus is divided into two parts: the inferior precentral sulcus and the superior precentral sulcus. However, the precentral sulcus may sometimes be divided into three parts or form one continuous sulcus.
-  - The postcentral sulcus of the parietal lobe lies parallel to, and behind, the central sulcus in the human brain. (A sulcus is one of the prominent grooves on the surface of the brain.The postcentral sulcus divides the postcentral gyrus from the remainder of the parietal lobe.
-  - The inferior surface of the temporal lobe is concave, and is continuous posteriorly with the tentorial surface of the occipital lobe. It is traversed by the inferior temporal sulcus, which extends from near the occipital pole behind, to within a short distance of the temporal pole in front, but is frequently subdivided by bridging gyri.
-  - The superior temporal sulcus (STS) is the sulcus separating the superior temporal gyrus from the middle temporal gyrus in the temporal lobe of the brain. A sulcus (plural sulci) is a deep groove that curves into the largest part of the brain, the cerebrum, and a gyrus (plural gyri) is the a ridge that curves outward of the cerebrum.
-  - In brain anatomy, the lunate sulcus or simian sulcus also known as the sulcus lunatus is a fissure in the occipital lobe variably found in humans and more often larger when present in apes and monkeys.The lunate sulcus marks the transition between V1 and V2.
-//MEDIAL SURFACE//
-  * SULCI
-  -     Anterior paraolfactory
-  -     posterior paraolfactory
-  -     cingulate
-  -     callosal
-  -     suprasplenial or subparietal
-  -     parieto-occipital
-  -     calcarine
-  * GYRI
-  - paraolfactory
-  - Paraterminal
-  - medial frontal
-  - paracentral lobule
-  - cingulate
-  - cuneus
-  - precuneus
-**BORDERS**
-  - superomedial  border
-  - inferolateral border
-  - medial orbital border
-  - medial occipital border
-**POLES**
-  - frontal pole
-  - occipital pole
-  - temporal pole
-**LOBES**
-**FUNCTIONAL AREAS OF CEREBRAL CORTEX**
-//SENSORY AREA//
-//MOTOR AREA//
-{{:histology:cerebrum.png?500px}}
-===== GYRUS AND SULCUS OF BRAIN =====
-{{:maps:gyrus_and_sulci_of_brain.svg}}
-===== GYRI AND SULCUS OF BRAIN FUNCTIONS =====
-{{:maps:sulcus_and_gyri_right_angles.svg}}

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