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--- en:grammatical_particles [2023/05/23 10:57] – brahmantra
+++ en:grammatical_particles [2023/07/08 11:22] () – brahmantra
@@ 1: / 1: @@
 ====== GRAMMAR PARTICLES  ======
-===== INTERHECTIONS =====
-And thus much may serve for stating the number, nature, signifi∣cation and use of this second kind of Grammatical Particle stiled Pronoun.
+          * Time or pause to be observed in the pronouncing of several words or sentences
+            * general name
+              * interpunctuation , period
+              * hyphen
+            * particular kinds
+              * colon , semicolon
+              * comma
+          * manner of pronunciation
+            * distinction
+              * emphasis
+              * parenthesis
+            * prolongation of vowels
+              * accent
-*Those Substitutive Particles, which serve to supply the room of some sentence or complex part of it, are stiled Interjections. These are by some denyed to be words, or any part of distinct speech, but only natural signs of our mental notions, or passions, expressed by such rude incondite sounds, several of which are common with us to Brute Creatures. And as all Nations of men do agree in these kind of na∣tural passions, so likewise do they very much agree in the signs or in∣dications of their mirth, sorrow, love, hatred, &c.
+===== WORD MORPHOLOGY =====
-These kind of Particles are generally expressed by aspirated sounds, affectum enim notant,*& ideo confertus editur spiritus, because of that affection and vehemence, which is commonly denoted by them.
+CHAP. VIII. Of the Accidental Difference of words. I. Inflexion. II. De∣rivation. III. Composition.
+THE next thing to be treated of, is concerning the Accidental Differences of words; and amongst these
-The kinds of these may be very numerous, according to the various motions and passions of the mind; but those that are of the most fre∣quent and general use, may be reduced under these three combinations, whereof the first only is single, the other two double.
+*1. Concerning the Inflexion of them, which doth consist in the se∣veral ways of varying the same word to sundry modes of significati∣on. This is not arbitrary, as it is used in several Languages; much less should the rules to this purpose, which belong to the Latin, be ap∣plied to Vulgar Tongues, to which they are not suited (as many Grammarians use to do) but it ought to be founded upon the Philo∣sophy of speech and such Natural grounds, as do necessarily belong to Language.
-The two first Combinations may be styled Solitary and Passive, be∣ing used by us when we are alone,* or not so directly tending to dis∣course with others, in which the Party speaks as suffering some muta∣tion in himself. They are the result, either of a surprized.
+Integral words are all capable of Inflexion.
-I.
+. Noun Substantives are inflected in a threefold respect.
-  * Iudgment, denoting either
-  * 1. Admiration. Heigh.
-  * 2. Doubting or considering. Hem, Hm, Hy.
-  * 3. Despising. Pish, Shy, Tysh.
-  * Affection; moved by the Apprehension of Good or Evil.
-II.
+  * By Number - singular and plural (Intrinescal ) not by affix
-Past;
+  * By Gender - Male , female or bisexual or neuter sex ( Intrinescal ) or for species by the genitals indicators .
-  * Mirth. Ha, ha, he.
+  * By cases - Not so essential
-  * Sorrow. Hoi, oh, oh, ah.
-Present;
-  * Love, and pity, Ah, alack, alas.
-  * Hate, and anger, vauh, hau.
-Future;
-  * *Desire, O, o that.
-  * Aversation, Phy.
-The last Combination may be stiled Social and Active, being never used by us when we are alone, but immediately tending to discourse with others, in which the party speaks with design to procure some mutation in his Hearers. These may be distinguished into such as are
-III.
+And besides these three ways of Inflexion, I have shewed before how Substantives are capable likewise of Active and Passive voice, and of Tenses.
-  * Precedaneous to discourse.
-     * Exclaiming. Oh, Soho.
+Noun Adjectives need not have any note to express Number, Gen∣der, Case, because in all these they agree with their Substantives; unless such Adjectives as are used Substantively, by reason of their composition with the Transcendental marks of Person, Thing, Time, Place, &c. In which case they have the same kinds of Inflexion with Substantives. But there is belonging to them,
-     * Silencing. St, Hush.
-  * Beginning of discourse.
+. A transverse Inflexion by degrees of Comparison, which may be best denoted by the extrinsical affixes of more, most; less, least.
-     * General; to dispose the senses of the Hearer.
-         * Bespeaking attention. Ho, Oh.
+. An Inflexion by Voice Active and Passive, which makes them of the same nature with those words which we call Participles.
-         * Expressing attention. Ha.
-     * Special; to dispose the Affections of the Hearer by way of
+. An Inflexion by Tenses.
-         * Insinuation or blandishment. 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 Eia, Now.
-         * Threatning.〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 Vae, Wo.
+Pronoun Substantives are inflected by Number and Gender, and by Case, as Noun Substantives are; besides that kind of improper Inflecti∣on, whereby they are made Possessives; which is rather a kind of Deri∣vation, and reduplicative, which consists only in the doubling of them for the greater Emphasis.
+The other Particles are not capable of Inflexion, because they do not denote any Essence or Act, which is capable of several modes or re∣spects, as Integrals, and two of the Particles do: but only the Circum∣stances or Modifications of other words; and therefore may be stiled indeclinable or invariable.

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