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| - | ====== PAROTID GLAND ====== | ||
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| - | parotid region | ||
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| - | * features | ||
| - | * largest of salivary gland | ||
| - | * situated below external acoustic meatus | ||
| - | * between the ramus of mandible and sternocleidomastoid | ||
| - | * skin over gland supplied by greater auricular nerve | ||
| - | * structures within parotid gland | ||
| - | * arteries | ||
| - | * external carotid artery enters gland through posteromedial surface | ||
| - | * maxillary artery leaves the gland through its anteromedial surface | ||
| - | * superficial temporal artery gives transverse facial artery and emerges at the | ||
| - | * anterior part of superior surface | ||
| - | * veins | ||
| - | * retromandibular vein is formed within the gland | ||
| - | * union of | ||
| - | * superficial tempora and maxillary veins | ||
| - | * in lower part of gland vein divides in t | ||
| - | * these emerge close the apex (lower pole | ||
| - | * anterior division | ||
| - | * posterior division | ||
| - | * nerve | ||
| - | * facial nerve is the nerve of second branchial arch | ||
| - | * leaves the skull by passing through stylomastoid foramen | ||
| - | * extracranial course | ||
| - | * 1. crosses the lateral side of base of styloid process | ||
| - | * then enters the posteromedial surface of partodi gland | ||
| - | * branches at its exit from stylomastoid foramen | ||
| - | * communicating branches with adjacent cranial and spinal nerves | ||
| - | * posterior auricular nerve arises just below the stylomastoid foramen | ||
| - | * ascends between mastoid process and external acoustic meatus | ||
| - | * supplies | ||
| - | * auricularis posterior | ||
| - | * occipitalis | ||
| - | * intrinisic muscles on back of auricle | ||
| - | * digastric branch arises close to previous nerve | ||
| - | * short and supplies posterior belly of digastric | ||
| - | * stylohyoid branch arises with digastric branch | ||
| - | * long and supplies stylohyoid muscle | ||
| - | * terminal branches | ||
| - | * temporal branches cross zygomatic arch and supply | ||
| - | * auricularis anterior | ||
| - | * auricularis superior | ||
| - | * intrinsic muscles on the lateral side of ear | ||
| - | * frontalis | ||
| - | * orbicularis oculi | ||
| - | * corrugator supercili | ||
| - | * zygomatic branches | ||
| - | * run across zygomatic bone | ||
| - | * supply orbicularis oculi | ||
| - | * buccal branches are two in number | ||
| - | * marginal mandibular branch | ||
| - | * runs below the angle of mandible | ||
| - | * deep to platysma | ||
| - | * crosses body of mandible supplies | ||
| - | * muscles of lower lip and chin | ||
| - | * cervical branch | ||
| - | * emerges from apex of parotid gland | ||
| - | * runs downwards and forwards in the neck to supply platysma | ||
| - | * bells palsy | ||
| - | * sudden paralysis of facial nerve at stylomastoid foramen | ||
| - | * results in asymmetry of corner of mouth | ||
| - | * inability to close eye | ||
| - | * dissapearance of nasolabial fold | ||
| - | * loss of wrinkling of skin of forehead on same side | ||
| - | * nerve supply | ||
| - | * parasympathetic nerves are secretomotor | ||
| - | * reach the gland through auriculotemporal nerve | ||
| - | * preganglionic fibres begin in inferior salivatory nucleus | ||
| - | * pass through glossopharyngeal nerve | ||
| - | * tympanic branch | ||
| - | * relay in otic ganglion | ||
| - | * sympathetic nerves | ||
| - | * postganglionic | ||
| - | * vasomotor | ||
| - | * derived from plexus around middle meningeal artery | ||
| - | * travel along branches of maxillary, | ||
| - | * | ||
| - | * sensory nerves | ||
| - | * to the gland come from | ||
| - | * auriculotemporal nerve | ||
| - | * parotid fascia innervated by sensory fibres of great auricular nerve | ||
| - | * parotid duct or stensons duct | ||
| - | * superiorly | ||
| - | * accessory parotid gland | ||
| - | * transverse facial vessels | ||
| - | * | ||
| - | * upper buccal branch of facial nerve | ||
| - | * inferiorly | ||
| - | * lower buccal branch of facial nerve | ||
| - | * anterior border of masseter | ||
| - | * parotid duct turns medially and pierces | ||
| - | * buccal pad of fat | ||
| - | * buccopharyngeal fascia | ||
| - | * buccinator | ||
| - | * contains | ||
| - | * largest salivary gland | ||
| - | * histology | ||
| - | * it is a serous acini | ||
| - | * external features | ||
| - | * surfaces | ||
| - | * superior (base of pyramid) | ||
| - | * forms the upper end of the gland | ||
| - | * small and concave | ||
| - | * related to cartilaginous part of external acoustic meatus | ||
| - | * posterior surface of temporomandibular joint | ||
| - | * superficial temporal vessels | ||
| - | * auriculotemporal nerve | ||
| - | * superficial | ||
| - | * largest surface | ||
| - | * covered by | ||
| - | * skin | ||
| - | * superficial fascia | ||
| - | * containing anterior branches of great auricular nerve | ||
| - | * preauricular or superficial parotid lymph nodes | ||
| - | * posterior fibres of platysma | ||
| - | * risorius | ||
| - | * parotid fascia which is thick and adherent | ||
| - | * anteromedial | ||
| - | * grooved by posterior border of ramus of mandible | ||
| - | * related to | ||
| - | * masseter | ||
| - | * lateral surface of temporomandibular joint | ||
| - | * posterior border of the ramus of mandible | ||
| - | * medial pterygoid | ||
| - | * emerging branches of facial nerve | ||
| - | * posteromedial | ||
| - | * moulded to mastoid | ||
| - | * moulded to styloid processs | ||
| - | * structures attached to them | ||
| - | * related to | ||
| - | * mastoid process | ||
| - | * sternocleidomastoid | ||
| - | * posterior belly of digastric | ||
| - | * styloid process with structures attached to it | ||
| - | * external carotid artery and facial nerve | ||
| - | * enter the gland through this surface | ||
| - | * internal carotid artery lies deep to styloid process | ||
| - | * relations | ||
| - | * borders | ||
| - | * anterior | ||
| - | * separates superficial surface from anteromedial surface | ||
| - | * extends from anterior part of the superior surface to the apex | ||
| - | * following structures emerge at this border | ||
| - | * parotid duct | ||
| - | * terminal braches of facial nerve | ||
| - | * transverse facial vessels | ||
| - | * posterior | ||
| - | * separates superficial surface from posteromedial surface | ||
| - | * overlaps sternocleidomastoid | ||
| - | * medial / pharyngeal edge | ||
| - | * - separates anteromedial surface from posteromedial surface | ||
| - | * sep | ||
| - | * related to lateral wall of pharynx | ||
| - | * blood supply | ||
| - | * parotid lymph nodes | ||
| - | * CLINICAL ANATOMY | ||
| - | * parotid abscess | ||
| - | * caused by spread of infection from opening of parotid duct | ||
| - | * drained by making holes (hiltons method) | ||
| - | * mixed parotid tumour is slow growing tumour | ||
| - | * parotid calculi may be formed in the parotid duct | ||